Commission A2:  Liquefaction & Separation of Gases

• Liquid helium and helium resources
     - Helium liquefaction systems
     - Liquid helium in superconductivity
     - Helium resources and economical use of helium
• Air separation
     - Air separation and liquefaction plants
     - Process balance and control
     - Heat exchange
     - Cryogenic distillation
     - Non-cryogenic air separation processes
     - Air purification for separation processes

• CO₂ sequestration
     - Capturing CO2 from air
     - Terrestrial and geological sequestration

• Liquefaction of natural gas (LNG)
     - Gas purification for liquefaction
     - Process plant balance and control
     - LNG heat exchanger technology  
     - Small scale liquefaction
  

• LNG and other cryogenic fuels for vehicle and ship fueling
     - LNG bunkering
     - LNG/LCNG as a fuel for trucks, rail

• Cryogenic energy storage
     - Gas expansion machines
     - Energy storage for renewable sources of energy
     - Use of liquid air or liquid nitrogen

• Liquid hydrogen
     - Liquid hydrogen as a fuel for road and ship transport
     - Storage and transport of Liquid Hydrogen
     - Liquid hydrogen infrastructure
     - Safety aspects of liquid hydrogen storage

• Liquid nitrogen as refrigerant
     - Liquid nitrogen cooling system for food transport

• Rare gases
     - Rare gases extraction
     - Enrichment of rare gases concentrates
     - Application of rare gases

• Storage and distribution of cryogenic gases
     - Storage tanks
     - Mobile equipment (containers, trailers)
     - Materials for use at low temperatures
     - Insulation materials
     - Standards and regulations