Commission A1:  Cryophysics, cryoengineering

• Cryogenics in particle physics
    - Cryogenic particle detectors
    - Cryogenic targets
    - SC magnetic field generation
    - Large or distributed cryogenic systems
• Cryogenics for fusion
    - SC magnetic field generation
    - Cryopumping
    - Cryogenic fusion targets
    - Large or distributed cryogenic systems
• Superconductivity and magnets
    - Low and high temperature superconducting materials
    - Critical properties of superconductors
    - SC current leads
    - Testing of superconducting magnets
• HTS for power and grids
    - SC power lines
    - Fault current limiters
    - HTSC electric machines and transformers
    - Superconducting energy storage (SMES)
    - Superconducting bearings
    - Critical properties of superconductors
    - Losses and efficiency measurement
• Materials at low temperatures
    - Properties of materials from room temperatures down to LHe temperatures
    - Thermal and electrical conductivity
    - Thermal conductivity of mechanical contacts
    - Specific heat
    - Mechanical properties
    - Emission and absorption of thermal radiation
    - Properties of liquids and gases
• Cryostats and thermal insulation
    - Bath and flow cryostats, zero boil off cryostats
    - Cryostats for cryocoolers
    - Cryogen free systems
    - Transfer lines
    - Structural materials for cryostats
    - Insulations (MLI, radiation shields, foam, powder and aerogel insulations)
    - Application of sorbents
    - Convection phenomena in cryostats
    - Thermo acoustic oscillations –mitigation, calculations and modelling
• Very low temperatures and applications
    - Refrigeration cycles
    - Experimental techniques at very low temperatures
    - Thermometry
    - Using of superfluid helium and He³
• Cryogenics for electronics
    - Miniature cryostats
    - Flow cooling, heat exchangers and heat pipes
    - Thermal and electrical contacting
    - Insulations
    - Non-metallic cryostats
• Cryogenics for quantum technologies
    - Quantum sensing and metrology
    - Quantum optics and photonics
    - Quantum computing
    - Quantum Communications
  
• Cryocoolers
    - Refrigeration cycles
    - Heat exchangers and regenerators
    - Refrigerants and its mixtures
    - Cryocoolers for recondensing (zero boill off)
    - Temperature stability
    - Solid state cooling
    - Cryocoolers for cryogen free cryostats
    - Testing of cryocoolers
• Space cryogenics
    - Space cryogenic instruments and systems
    - Cryocoolers for space applications
    - Cryo liquids and Dewars in zero gravity
    - Radiative cooling and shielding

• Cryogenics in microscopy
  - High-resolution imaging (cryo-SEM, cryo-TEM, etc.)
  - Instrumentation for correlative imaging
  - Instrumentation for sample preparation (freezing, sublimation, etc.)